Thứ Tư, 29 tháng 4, 2020

Case study: Navigating solar supply chain disruption during a global pandemic

supply chain issues

The novel coronavirus has impacted virtually every aspect of our lives, including the fight against climate change. Solar developers have faced supply chain disruption and have risked missing deadlines that could make or break the development of a renewable energy project.

Our firm, Leyline Renewable Capital, provides development-stage funding for renewable energy projects so developers can conduct engineering work, environmental studies and secure interconnection agreements, etc., before they can begin construction. We recently experienced a novel-coronavirus-related supply chain disruption while working on a project with a solar developer based in North Carolina.

Launching the Project

Our developer partner is planning to build a number of solar and storage projects across central Virginia. Once completed, the projects will produce just over 75,000,000 kWh per year, which is equivalent to providing enough to electricity for 7,000 homes for a year.

The projects will use single-axis trackers. Our developer partner chose to use FTC’s Voyager tracker, because of its shorter tables and ability to handle steep terrain. Voyager also has fewer posts per rack than the industry standard, and it can fit four strings of modules per rack, saving on build costs.

Originally, the notice to proceed on construction was scheduled for June 2020. Leyline invested $5.2 million in December 2019 during the pre-development phase and anticipates to exit the project before the end of 2020.

However, neither Leyline nor our developer partner expected the pre-development phase to coincide with the beginning of a global pandemic.

A critical roadblock

Close up Row at OR site_Voyager mid construction

The Virginia project with Voyager trackers, mid-construction.

By using $3.2 million of the investment to purchase the single-axis trackers, we hope to provide as much as $1.5 million in income to the developer through the Renewable Tax Credit Safe Harbor. The Renewable Tax Credit Safe Harbor allows commercial solar projects to take advantage of 2019’s full 30 percent tax credit, even if their system can’t be completed until the following year. As long as we took ownership of the equipment by March 20, 2020, we would meet the 90-day requirement to take receipt of the equipment and the projects would receive the 30% tax credit.

Most of the single-axis trackers were coming from China, which was the epicenter of the pandemic. As a result, Chinese shipping was hit by a nationwide ban on all non-essential travel, which led to significant workforce reductions and delays in manufacturing and shipping.

After learning about the progression of the novel coronavirus and its widespread disruption of supply chains, Leyline realized that the single-axis trackers weren’t going to make it to the United States by end of the 90-day window. We knew we needed to act fast to avoid major project delays, and importantly, save the developer more than $1 million in profit.

Resolving the issue

Many solar developers know how crucial flexibility is when bringing solar projects to fruition. They often must navigate unforeseen challenges, such as zoning issues and backlash from local communities. However, the pandemic created uncommon problems in the development of renewable energy projects that require unique solutions. Leyline set out to help our developer partner resolve this issue – and we had to get creative.

In order to take ownership of the single-axis trackers still out at sea, Leyline chose to wade into maritime law and determine how to take legal possession of the equipment. A traditional lender might not have felt comfortable with the risk of legal possession, especially if the equipment fell off the ship and was lost at sea. But we’re made up of former renewable energy developers, so we put our developer hats on to weigh the logistical risks.

We decided to take ownership of the equipment before it arrived in the U.S., which allowed the developer to meet the 90-day tax credit window and preserve the 30% tax credit for the projects Now, the equipment is scheduled to arrive in April.

Looking ahead in an uncertain world

Although the developer obtained possession of the equipment in time to get the tax credit, the rippling effects of the pandemic delayed the projects’ notice to proceed from June to August. Both Leyline and the developer feel confident that the project will be completed on time, but across the country, developers and contractors working on other renewable energy projects might not be as fortunate.

Not only has developers’ reliance on the Renewable Tax Credit Safe Harbor been affected, but developers and their contractors also face critical legal questions regarding ongoing construction.

For example, some states may not be following current guidance of the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency regarding essential critical infrastructure workforce in the energy sector. Additionally, some cities heavily hit by the novel coronavirus, like New York City, have brought construction to a halt, except for “emergency construction” required for health and safety and “essential construction,” comprising of mobility projects, hospitals, affordable housing and homeless shelters.

In this uncertain world, no one can say for sure what long-term implications the pandemic will have on the renewable energy industry. Developers, investors and contractors should consider success stories like this one to help navigate the current climate and work toward the goal of increasing renewable energy sources in the United States. We’ll need innovative ideas and solutions to get through this time – but we’re certain we can navigate it together.

Erik Lensch is the founder and CEO of Leyline Renewable Capital.

-- Solar Builder magazine


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Duke Energy sets goal of 16 GW of renewables by 2025

Duke Energy released a pair of data-driven reports outlining the company’s recent accomplishments and path to advance its critical environmental, social and governance (ESG) initiatives. The company’s Sustainability Report details the company’s performance in four key areas — customers, growth, operations and employees. Duke Energy’s 2020 Climate Report discusses how the company is addressing climate…

The post Duke Energy sets goal of 16 GW of renewables by 2025 appeared first on Solar Power World.


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Olympia Community Solar announces unit availability in first community solar project

Enrollment is now open for Thurston County, Washington’s largest community solar project. The 100-kW Hummingbird Project will be located atop the Hands on Children’s Museum in downtown Olympia and installed in November 2020. The project features 297 SunPower solar panels and a 100-kW SolarEdge inverter. The Hummingbird Community Solar Project has 800 solar units available…

The post Olympia Community Solar announces unit availability in first community solar project appeared first on Solar Power World.


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Covid-19 disruption leaves indebted Chinese manufacturer in limbo

Debt-saddled GCL-Poly’s attempts to renegotiate $809 million of defaulted borrowings have been held up because of the coronavirus crisis unfolding in Europe, where one lender is based. Shareholders are due to vote tomorrow on a project sale which could generate $153 million of benefits.

With concerns having been raised about the effects of a Covid-19 recession on solar project financing, Chinese polysilicon manufacturer and project developer GCL-Poly revealed another of the unexpected complications raised by the public health crisis, in its latest set of unaudited annual figures.

The hugely indebted company explained in its 2019 figures how the breach of a banking covenant related to RMB557 million (US$78.7 million) of borrowings had triggered cross-defaults of RMB5.17 billion of other credit lines, RMB3.64 billion of which had been due for settlement this year.

GCL began talks with the lenders concerned “on discovery of the breach” but the disruption caused by the coronavirus outbreak has delayed the response from one, unnamed European lender. That means GCL cannot confirm it will not be left on the hook for the immediate settlement of the RMB557 million it has broken the covenant on plus the RMB5.17 billion of cross defaults. Although the manufacturer has voiced its confidence the matter can be resolved, the battering European bank balance sheets are taking because of the public health crisis and related need to lend to struggling businesses could leave GCL in for a nasty shock.

Debt pile

To date, the business has only been required to pay off RMB140 million of the monies concerned, with that payment made in February under a previous agreement stipulating another RMB349 million is settled by June and RMB69 million by August.

The company also noted the debt problem it has related to its GCL New Energy solar project subsidiary, even if the latter made a RMB570 million profit last year while wafer and polysilicon production posted a RMB419 million loss.

The parent company is underwriter for RMB2.77 billion of borrowings by its subsidiary, which has a yawning current-assets-to-liabilities gap of RMB11.3 billion plus a further RMB405 million in project and poverty alleviation fund commitments.

The New Energy business has total borrowings and commitments of RMB38.5 billion, RMB13.6 billion of which is due for settlement this year. Of that total figure, RMB1.6 billion has been dragged from the non-current column into current because of the defaults at the parent company outlined above. The project business has restricted deposits of RMB1.7 billion and RMB1.07 billion in the bank but its parent noted it had raised RMB50 million from Chinese lenders since the end of the year and intends to issue up to RMB3 billion worth of three-year notes to institutional investors before the mandate to do so expires in June. Take-up of those notes, however, also depends on goodwill from the investors targeted.

Solar project sale

All of those travails illustrate how important it is that GCL-Poly and New Energy shareholders tomorrow wave through plans by state-owned China Huaneng to pay RMB851 million for seven Chinese GCL solar projects with a combined generation capacity of 294 MW, at the same time removing a further RMB229 million of obligations from the New Energy debt pile.

GCL-Poly at least appears realistic about the potential fall-out from the Covid-19 crisis. With many of its Chinese solar peers having breezily dismissed talk of any material effect on their operations now manufacturing is returning to normal levels, GCL admitted the outbreak had affected its wafer and polysilicon manufacturing business at a time when operations were already suffering from plunging selling prices last year. As a result, the company said it would attempt to estimate the impact of Covid-19 on its figures in this year’s interim and annual results statements.

The business at least had a lift yesterday, when it announced plans to issue shares amounting to 6.15% of an enlarged GCL-Poly in a bid to raise HK$130 million (US$16.8 million).

As chief executive Zhanjun Zhu stated in the unaudited figures released a month ago: “The path of the great way is a long one, but the destination can surely be reached if one perseveres”. And provided the banks stay onside, he might have added.

Covid-19

Read pv magazine’s coverage of Covid-19; and tell us how it is affecting your solar and energy storage operations. Email editors@pv-magazine.com to share your experiences.


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A redox flow battery for MW-sized solar-plus-storage

Matt Harper, chief commercial officer of newly-merged British-Canadian vanadium redox flow battery business Invinity Energy Systems has spoken to pv magazine about the VS3-022 Battery Unit it is marketing for grid scale solar-plus-storage projects and why it may be a better bet than lithium-ion.

With London-based private company redT energy and transatlantic peer Avalon Battery Corp last month announcing a £57.7 million merger ($71.6 million) to form vanadium redox flow battery manufacturer Invinity Energy Systems, Matt Harper, chief commercial officer of the new entity, has spoken to pv magazine about the VS3-022 Battery Unit Invinity is offering for grid scale solar-plus-storage projects.

The Invinity representative said the company, formed through a reverse takeover by the U.K. company of its listed counterpart, has more than 40 operating flow battery storage projects. “The majority of our fleet is in service alongside megawatt-scale PV projects,” said Harper. “This includes a 1 MWh project in Iowa, USA, which is supporting a 1 MW behind-the-meter PV array, and a 2 MWh energy storage system in Qinghai province, China, that is installed as part of a 1.6 GW solar park.”

With Invinity targeting the utility scale market, its typical customer wants at least 1 MW of solar-plus-storage capacity, according to Harper.

The VS3-022 battery has a reported storage capacity of 220 kWh and continuous maximum DC power of 76 kW. Annual degradation of storage capacity is indicated at less than 0.5% and energy efficiency annual degradation is less than 0.1%, according to the manufacturer. The 6.058 x 2.438 x 2.4m battery has an ambient operating temperature range of –5 to 45 degrees Celsius and a lifetime of 25 years and 20,000 cycles, according to Invinity, although Harper claimed the product does not degrade at all with use.

Cost

“Industry analysts estimate fully installed lithium-ion prices at around $450/kWh for C&I [commercial and industrial] projects and our vanadium redox flow batteries are the same price or cheaper on an upfront cost basis,” said Harper, who said Invinity products offer a lower levelized cost of storage than lithium-ion alternatives.

“In applications where the batteries are used daily, we’re around 30% below lithium today, on a levelized basis, with a clear path to 60% below lithium within two to three years,” added the chief commercial officer.

The flow batteries, said Harper, are ideally suited to heavy cycling applications and those requiring long duration charging and discharging for more than three hours, for example when coupled with intermittent renewables or to provide grid services. “They are well suited for use alongside utility scale solar PV plants and in commercial and industrial applications, as for example in data centers, water treatment sites, distribution centers and recycling facilities – especially when coupled with solar as they can provide significant energy savings, access to new revenue streams and [can] help to meet carbon reduction targets more quickly.”

Although such devices are not appropriate for household systems, vanadium flow batteries can be used for community microgrid and “end of street” applications, Harper told pv magazine.

Potential

Invinity says its battery offers five key benefits. “In addition to the significant costs benefits I’ve already stated,” said Harper, “our systems are fully recyclable, they don’t degrade with use, they are longer-duration and longer-lifetime than lithium and they pose no fire risk. In fact they are more likely to put out a fire than start one.”

The Invinity spokesman said customers are beginning to explore alternatives to lithium-ion batteries. “There are a range of predictions out there for the potential growth of the flow market over the coming years, with some experts predicting that it could reach £3.5 billion by 2028,” said Harper.

The chief commercial officer refused to comment on long-term cost reduction plans but pointed out the cost of Avalon’s vanadium flow technology has fallen by half since commercial launch of the Oakland business’ second generation product in 2017.

With the new company active in Europe, North America, Asia, Australia and Africa with more than 10 MWh of systems installed, Harper added: “The west-coast of the USA is a very interesting market and there’s also huge potential in Australia, Germany and some Eastern European countries that are reforming their electricity markets.”
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This is your SolarWakeup for April 29th, 2020

Essential Solar Advocacy. Today’s before and after comes thanks to the hard work of your friends at CALSSA. The California Energy Commission has formally published guidance that solar is essential as long as installers adhere to safety guidance. This is an important step for our industry to get back to work, helping people save money and become more resilient leading up to wildfire and hurricane seasons. While many of the fundraising events have had to be canceled, now is the time for you to join CALSSA so they can continue to advocate for your business. Without this guidance many installers would still have to remain closed easily making your investment worthwhile. To read the guidance you can click here, if you need an intro to Carter for membership, hit reply and I’ll get you one quickly.

Schools In Fall. Not all my questions to you need to be on solar and maybe this is a community survey that helps us all, at least those with kids. As you know, I have three kids, two of whom are in elementary school. The past few months has been something between Survivor, Amazing Race and The Real World. How are you coping with this and the norm of homeschooling the kids with two hours of zoom class per week? Part of me is trying to imagine this lasting through 2020 and wonder if anyone has good tips that don’t involve tying the kids to the chair.

Hawaii Sends Another Postcard. Rooftop solar in Hawaii is up 40% year over year and channel checks on the island confirm that interest remains strong. With 100% attachment rate of storage to solar, Hawaii’s solar companies may be the best at explaining how solar will be sold in the future. It’s nice to hear positives in the local economy coming from the island because the picture that Senator Schatz painted on Pod Save America was dire, 30% unemployment, with no tourism to speak of. Wishing our friends on the islands all the best.

What’s Your Impact. If you’re wondering what politicians are doing for solar and your business in the next piece of legislation, stimulus or bailout then you have to ask yourself what you asked them for. Their job isn’t to guess what you need. They are looking to hear and read about your story, the impact to your employees and the market you serve. Tom Matzzie described a good example of a solar installer in New York during our discussion. If you’re an installer in San Francisco, you should be talking to Pelosi’s office about the market and how it has impacted you. Same goes to everyone else across the Country. 

Opinion

Best, Yann

The post This is your SolarWakeup for April 29th, 2020 appeared first on SolarWakeup.com.


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Light after lockdown in Europe’s corporate PPA market

Following the easing of drastic measures to curb the spread of coronavirus, paused or decelerated PPA negotiations are starting to regain momentum as corporates signal their intention to stick to long-term carbon-reduction targets.

Europe’s coronavirus lockdown has had a chilling effect on many corporate PPA (CPPA) negotiations, as practical difficulties and economic uncertainty slowed the pace of deal discussions.

By the end of April, six-to-eight weeks into the lockdown for most European countries, some positive signs were starting to emerge, both for the reopening of European industry and the resumption of CPPA discussions – particularly in the Netherlands, Spain, Portugal and the United Kingdom.

While pricing decisions for CPPAs with relatively near-term delivery dates are still a sticking point, longer-term projects, which are not due to start construction for at least two years, have been largely unaffected by the lockdown.

Many corporate power buyers have indicated their intention to proceed with negotiations that commenced prior to the lockdown as part of long-term plans to cut carbon emissions, while others have made inquiries about future CPPA opportunities, and most long-term tenders are still going ahead

For some existing and imminent CPPAs, there are still questions about the enforceability of contracts pending resolution by lawyers and arbitrators.

A collapse in demand has left many corporates reluctant to take and pay for contracted energy volumes they no longer need, while in other cases, delivery dates are likely to be missed by generators due to the logistical effects of the lockdown on construction.

However, as things stand, it seems that many parties are trying to take practical measures to resolve these issues and avoid contractual disputes.

What damages are available for COD delays in financial CPPAs?

Whether or not delays in achieving the stated commercial operation date (COD) for power generation projects give rise to claims for losses tends to be one of the most heavily negotiated aspects of CPPA contracts, even without the disruption of a global pandemic.

This issue can arise in respect of hedged volumes, where the offtaker has hedged a proportion of the power volume they expect to receive from the generator. If the generator is late supplying the energy, the offtaker may expect to be compensated for losses on those hedges.

The outcome of these negotiations usually depends on the relative bargaining power and financial bandwidth of the parties involved in the CPPA.

Where the generating asset is relatively small, the supplier is unlikely to have the resources to cover the offtaker’s losses. With larger projects, it is possible to come to an arrangement to cover some of the losses caused by a COD delay, however very few projects can sustain a full typical hedging loss.

In the current context, the focus of many ongoing CPPA negotiations facing COD delays seems to be on mitigation of losses.

Most CPPA deals will only proceed where a contractual risk-sharing balance acceptable to both parties has been agreed, and market feedback suggests that adapted liability and damages thresholds are being honored where delays have clearly been caused by coronavirus.

Corporates seeking additionality (i.e., financial support from the EU earmarked for beneficial projects that would not have gone ahead without the corporate’s involvement) will have come to some sort of risk-sharing arrangement to be able to say that additionality principles have been met.

As these are not simply financial transactions, but projects which claim to offer wider benefits, it is harder to argue that losses have been sustained as a consequence of COD delays.

Has there been any product innovation in CPPAs as a result of the coronavirus crisis?

It is still too early to say whether the unprecedented circumstances of the coronavirus lockdown has led to any meaningful innovation in CPPAs.

So far, the most likely result is more comprehensive variation clauses being written into contracts, including specific pandemic clauses which attempt to cater for the impact of future infection control measures on the scale of those witnessed in Europe in the past two months.

Generally speaking, standard force majeure clauses will not automatically cover the effects of coronavirus on CPPAs, and these clauses are likely to have been a starting point for more complex negotiations about contractual obligations.

Prior to coronavirus, the main innovation had been the rise of aggregating parties.

Aggregators, which take on bundles of renewable power generation and manage related risks, were starting to assume increasingly prominent roles in the CPPA market, although corporate reluctance to extend their energy supply chains had curtailed aggregator involvement to some extent.

It remains to be seen how these aggregators weather the coronavirus storm, but it may be that opportunities to outsource risk will look more attractive to some corporates after the crisis.

Has the coronavirus crisis increased demand for energy storage in Europe’s CPPA market?

Battery storage is very useful when it comes to dealing with intermittency of renewable energy generation.

During the coronavirus lockdown, when supply far exceeded demand and caused energy prices to plummet into negative territory, the desirability of technologies capable of holding onto surplus power became even more apparent.

Increasing criticism of constraint payments, where wind farms are effectively paid to switch off their turbines to prevent energy grids being overloaded, is also adding pressure to find a solution to smoothing out peaks and troughs in supply.

The two main barriers for battery storage are: first, that the cost of batteries is still very high; and second, regulatory regimes generally have not caught up with the role batteries can play in power markets or how they should be treated in law.

In both cases, it is likely to be just a matter of time until these barriers are reduced and ultimately removed.

Some projects are starting to combine energy generation with battery storage and it will be interesting to see how these models fare in the market. In addition to batteries, there has been recent interest in the role hydrogen could potentially play in energy storage.

With the development of large offshore wind farms, price volatility is likely to increase and with it negative pricing at times of low demand.

Anything that can divert energy from the grid and store it in a way that keeps its value and helps provide pricing certainty to the market is going to be very important for renewables in general and for CPPAs.
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